Characterization of catalysts by X-ray spectroscopy is very appealing because X-rays have a large penetration depth, which may traverse through a catalytic reactor, thus enabling in situ and operando measurements by placing a reactor holding the catalyst in the X-ray beam. X-ray spectroscopy can be measured in absorption and emission modes, and are respectively called X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES). This chapter briefly introduces the basic theoretical background of XAS (both XANES and EXAFS) and XES both resonant and nonresonant spectroscopies. It provides selected examples where XAS and/or XES were relevant in understanding the local structure and the electronic configuration of active centers on heterogeneous catalysts. The chapter highlights the relevance of in situ and operando condition and the need to perform time-resolved experiments. Finally, it reviews the detailed in situ EXAFS and XANES study of the redox chemistry of UiO-67-Cu metal-organic frameworks (MOF).
State-of-the-Art X-Ray Spectroscopy in Catalysis
Lamberti, Carlo
2017-01-01
Abstract
Characterization of catalysts by X-ray spectroscopy is very appealing because X-rays have a large penetration depth, which may traverse through a catalytic reactor, thus enabling in situ and operando measurements by placing a reactor holding the catalyst in the X-ray beam. X-ray spectroscopy can be measured in absorption and emission modes, and are respectively called X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES). This chapter briefly introduces the basic theoretical background of XAS (both XANES and EXAFS) and XES both resonant and nonresonant spectroscopies. It provides selected examples where XAS and/or XES were relevant in understanding the local structure and the electronic configuration of active centers on heterogeneous catalysts. The chapter highlights the relevance of in situ and operando condition and the need to perform time-resolved experiments. Finally, it reviews the detailed in situ EXAFS and XANES study of the redox chemistry of UiO-67-Cu metal-organic frameworks (MOF).File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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XAS_XES_Catal_OpenAccess.pdf
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17_Wiley_Nanotec_in_Catal_Ch39_XAS.pdf
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