"Effective Biomass Valorization Procedures using Ultrasound and Hydrodynamic Cavitation" Chapter 4 in Organic Sonochemistry Challenges and Perspectives for the 21st Century

The inherent chemical complexity of biomass renders it as a very attractive source to be recycled and converted into value-added chemicals representing perhaps the largest challenge facing the twenty-first century. To face this issue, over the last three decades, significant effort has been spent for the development of environmentally friendly protocols by means of non-conventional energy sources such as ultrasound (US) and hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) for biomass pretreatment and subsequent chemical transformations.