Immunological mechanisms underlying chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a common and quality of life impacting disorder, with an underlying immunological mechanism similar to other conditions such as eosinophilic asthma or atopic eczema. Areas covered: This review article summarises the most recent evidence on the main immunological mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis and the perpetuation of CRSwNP, with a particular focus on the key role of epithelium-derived inflammation as a consequence of the interaction with the airborne environment. Expert Opinion: The increase in knowledge of the immunology of CRSwNP is leading to the developement of therapeutical strategies based upon the use of biologic agents that, according to a personalised and precision medicine approach, will provide each single patient with the most suitable immunological treatment.