Continuous mechanical damage initiates the rhythmic emission of volatiles in lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) leaves; the emission resembles that induced by herbivore damage. The effect of diurnal versus nocturnal damage on the initiation of plant defense responses was investigated using MecWorm, a robotic device designed to reproduce tissue damage caused by herbivore attack. Lima bean leaves that were damaged by MecWorm during the photophase emitted maximal levels of beta-ocimene and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate in the late photophase. Leaves damaged during the dark phase responded with the nocturnal emission of (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, but with only low amounts of beta-ocimene; this emission was followed by an emission burst directly after the onset of light. In the presence of (13)CO(2), this light-dependent synthesis of beta-ocimene resulted in incorporation of 75% to 85% of (13)C, demonstrating that biosynthesis of beta-ocimene is almost exclusively fueled by the photosynthetic fixation of CO(2) along the plastidial 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-P pathway. Jasmonic acid (JA) accumulated locally in direct response to the damage and led to immediate up-regulation of the P. lunatus beta-ocimene synthase gene (PlOS) independent of the phase, that is, light or dark. Nocturnal damage caused significantly higher concentrations of JA (approximately 2-3 times) along with enhanced expression levels of PlOS. Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana transformed with PlOS promoter :: beta-glucuronidase fusion constructs confirmed expression of the enzyme at the wounded sites. In summary, damage-dependent JA levels directly control the expression level of PlOS, regardless of light or dark conditions, and photosynthesis is the major source for the early precursors of the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-P pathway.

Effects of feeding Spodoptera littoralis on lima bean leaves. IV. Diurnal and nocturnal damage differentially initiate plant volatile emission

VOLPE, Veronica;MAFFEI, Massimo Emilio;
2008-01-01

Abstract

Continuous mechanical damage initiates the rhythmic emission of volatiles in lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) leaves; the emission resembles that induced by herbivore damage. The effect of diurnal versus nocturnal damage on the initiation of plant defense responses was investigated using MecWorm, a robotic device designed to reproduce tissue damage caused by herbivore attack. Lima bean leaves that were damaged by MecWorm during the photophase emitted maximal levels of beta-ocimene and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate in the late photophase. Leaves damaged during the dark phase responded with the nocturnal emission of (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, but with only low amounts of beta-ocimene; this emission was followed by an emission burst directly after the onset of light. In the presence of (13)CO(2), this light-dependent synthesis of beta-ocimene resulted in incorporation of 75% to 85% of (13)C, demonstrating that biosynthesis of beta-ocimene is almost exclusively fueled by the photosynthetic fixation of CO(2) along the plastidial 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-P pathway. Jasmonic acid (JA) accumulated locally in direct response to the damage and led to immediate up-regulation of the P. lunatus beta-ocimene synthase gene (PlOS) independent of the phase, that is, light or dark. Nocturnal damage caused significantly higher concentrations of JA (approximately 2-3 times) along with enhanced expression levels of PlOS. Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana transformed with PlOS promoter :: beta-glucuronidase fusion constructs confirmed expression of the enzyme at the wounded sites. In summary, damage-dependent JA levels directly control the expression level of PlOS, regardless of light or dark conditions, and photosynthesis is the major source for the early precursors of the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-P pathway.
2008
146(3)
965
973
http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.107.111088
G. ARIMURA; S. KOPKE; M. KUNERT; V. VOLPE; A. DAVID; P. BRAND; P. DABROWSKA; M. MAFFEI; W. BOLAND
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/2318/100759
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