Studies of the potential genotoxic effects of furoxans: the case of CAS 1609 and of the water soluble analogue of CHF 2363

CAS 1609 (compound 1) and CHF 2363 (compound 2) are two furoxan derivatives able to release nitric oxide (NO) under physiological conditions, and display typical NO-dependent vasodilator activity. The potential genotoxic effects of compound 1 and of the water-soluble analogue of CHF 2363 (compound 2a) were investigated. The results show that the two compounds induce genotoxic effects only at concentrations that significantly reduce cell viability. However, in the case of compound 1 this range of concentrations is one order of magnitude higher than the one leading to the beneficial effects, while in the case of compound 2a these ranges partially overlap. In both cases the release of NO plays a key role in the induction of the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, since the non-NO-donating furazan analogues display a different toxicological profile, and since the effects were reduced in the presence of oxyhaemoglobin, a well-known NO-scavenger.