In the climatic conditions of the Piedmont north-western Po Valley (Italy), soil solarization and semi-solarization were tested in five consecutive years, alone or in combination with calcium cyanamide soil amendments or a non-pathogenic suppressive strain of Fusarium oxysporum, to develop alternative and ecologically compatible methods to control Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis (Fom). Compared with the control, semi-solarization and full solarization (solarization) increased the mean soil temperature at 25 cm depth by 8.6-12.6 °C and 12.6-16.3 °C respectively. Solarization reduced the total fungal population by 57.8-96.0% at 25 cm and 97.0-99.7% at 5 cm depth. The populations of native Fusarium spp. were reduced from 2-7 x 103 to 0-25 colony forming units (cfu) per g of soil. Solarization reduced the population of Fom grown in sterile soil samples from 3.8-60 x 105 cfu g-1 to 0-60 cfu g-1 in samples buried at 5 cm depth and 0-90 cfu g-1 in those placed at 15 and 25 cm depth in 4 trials out of 5. Semi-solarization had significant detrimental effect on total fungi, Fusarium spp. and Fom populations in some experiments. Solarization reduced Fusarium wilt incidence by 82-90% in three out of five trials. In one assay wilt was reduced by 43.5%, and in another there was no reduction in disease, possibly because of rainy weather during the treatment. The reduction in disease incidence (%) was proportional to the Ln of the time soil temperatures remained at or above 40 °C (R2 = 0.87) or at or above 42 °C (R2=0.91) at 25 cm depth. The non-pathogenic isolate of F. oxysporum M7 lowered the incidence of wilt in the control, semi-solarized, and solarized soil, but not significantly. Soil amendment with calcium cyanamide (80 g m-2) did not improve the efficiency of soil solarization.
Soil solarization as an ecological method for the control of Fusarium wilt of melon in Italy
TAMIETTI, Giacomo;VALENTINO, Danila
2006-01-01
Abstract
In the climatic conditions of the Piedmont north-western Po Valley (Italy), soil solarization and semi-solarization were tested in five consecutive years, alone or in combination with calcium cyanamide soil amendments or a non-pathogenic suppressive strain of Fusarium oxysporum, to develop alternative and ecologically compatible methods to control Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis (Fom). Compared with the control, semi-solarization and full solarization (solarization) increased the mean soil temperature at 25 cm depth by 8.6-12.6 °C and 12.6-16.3 °C respectively. Solarization reduced the total fungal population by 57.8-96.0% at 25 cm and 97.0-99.7% at 5 cm depth. The populations of native Fusarium spp. were reduced from 2-7 x 103 to 0-25 colony forming units (cfu) per g of soil. Solarization reduced the population of Fom grown in sterile soil samples from 3.8-60 x 105 cfu g-1 to 0-60 cfu g-1 in samples buried at 5 cm depth and 0-90 cfu g-1 in those placed at 15 and 25 cm depth in 4 trials out of 5. Semi-solarization had significant detrimental effect on total fungi, Fusarium spp. and Fom populations in some experiments. Solarization reduced Fusarium wilt incidence by 82-90% in three out of five trials. In one assay wilt was reduced by 43.5%, and in another there was no reduction in disease, possibly because of rainy weather during the treatment. The reduction in disease incidence (%) was proportional to the Ln of the time soil temperatures remained at or above 40 °C (R2 = 0.87) or at or above 42 °C (R2=0.91) at 25 cm depth. The non-pathogenic isolate of F. oxysporum M7 lowered the incidence of wilt in the control, semi-solarized, and solarized soil, but not significantly. Soil amendment with calcium cyanamide (80 g m-2) did not improve the efficiency of soil solarization.
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