Compromising Conventions: Attitudes of Dissonance and Indifference towards full-time maternal employment in Denmark, Spain, Poland & the UK

We examine cross-national variations in attitudes towards gender roles and the extent to which they map onto regime types. We explore intra-national variation in attitudes to non-traditional gendered behaviour drawing on the theoretical approach of the ‘economy of conventions’, informed by feminist perspectives from comparative research. Using data from the European Social Survey we map where there is a strong degree of resonance and dissonance between societal and individual attitudes, and how these are attenuated by sex and employment status. Our results expose unexpected national and intra-national similarities and differences. Societies characterised by a traditional male breadwinner model, such as Spain, indicate a higher degree of permissive values than expected; more liberal countries like the UK show high degrees of indifference, as well as a strong element of traditionalism. Dissonance and indifference compromise traditional gendered conventions and illustrate underlying tensions at the individual and societal level in resolving gender conflicts.