The monitoring attentional system represented by the Anterior Cingulate Cortex serves to ensure that the elaboration processes in other brain regions are of the highest efficiency, in relation to the demands of the tasks that are taking place. The interactions with the prefrontal cortex can select the buffer of the working memory. The interactions with the posterior cortices may serve to amplify the activity of a particular form of perception compared to others and may be directed or mediated by connections with the prefrontal cortex. As observed by Amodio and Frith [2006], the kind of self-regulation mediated by the ACC concerns anticipated actions, and its role is often construed in terms of action-monitoring. The dorsal division of ACC, indicated by Amodio and Frith [2006] as the posterior rostral medial frontal cortex, has been implicated in the monitoring of action across several studies [Botvinick et al 2004, Amanzio et al 2011]. Action monitoring is particularly important in situations involving response conflicts, requiring response inhibition and in response selection. Interestingly, we observed reduced task-sensitive activity in response conflict monitoring in the right anterior cingulate area (Brodmann area 24) and in the rostral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area 10) in early AD patients with reduced awareness of their disease in an fMRI-response-inhibition-task [Amanzio et al 2011]. In the present chapter we will relate the role of the monitoring attentional system represented by the ACC in tasks requiring response inhibition and set-shifting with the phenomenon of the reduced awareness of illness in patients with early Alzheimer disease. The findings outlined will help clinicians in both the diagnostic phase and the treatment process of the Alzheimer Disease. Indeed, the unawareness assessment can assist in enabling better and earlier differential diagnosis. Moreover clinicians may improve adherence to health treatment in patients who are more likely to refuse such care using the proper strategies of engagement. This would mean improving the course of recovery.
Anterior Cingulate Cortex as a Monitoring Attentional System and its novel role in the unawareness of Alzheimer’s disease
AMANZIO, Martina;PALERMO, SARA
2014-01-01
Abstract
The monitoring attentional system represented by the Anterior Cingulate Cortex serves to ensure that the elaboration processes in other brain regions are of the highest efficiency, in relation to the demands of the tasks that are taking place. The interactions with the prefrontal cortex can select the buffer of the working memory. The interactions with the posterior cortices may serve to amplify the activity of a particular form of perception compared to others and may be directed or mediated by connections with the prefrontal cortex. As observed by Amodio and Frith [2006], the kind of self-regulation mediated by the ACC concerns anticipated actions, and its role is often construed in terms of action-monitoring. The dorsal division of ACC, indicated by Amodio and Frith [2006] as the posterior rostral medial frontal cortex, has been implicated in the monitoring of action across several studies [Botvinick et al 2004, Amanzio et al 2011]. Action monitoring is particularly important in situations involving response conflicts, requiring response inhibition and in response selection. Interestingly, we observed reduced task-sensitive activity in response conflict monitoring in the right anterior cingulate area (Brodmann area 24) and in the rostral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area 10) in early AD patients with reduced awareness of their disease in an fMRI-response-inhibition-task [Amanzio et al 2011]. In the present chapter we will relate the role of the monitoring attentional system represented by the ACC in tasks requiring response inhibition and set-shifting with the phenomenon of the reduced awareness of illness in patients with early Alzheimer disease. The findings outlined will help clinicians in both the diagnostic phase and the treatment process of the Alzheimer Disease. Indeed, the unawareness assessment can assist in enabling better and earlier differential diagnosis. Moreover clinicians may improve adherence to health treatment in patients who are more likely to refuse such care using the proper strategies of engagement. This would mean improving the course of recovery.
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