The availability of genome sequences of numerous organisms and the revolution brought about by genome editing (GE) tools (e.g., ZFNs, TALLENs, and CRISPR/Cas9 or RGENs) has provided a breakthrough in introducing targeted genetic changes both to explore emergent phenotypes and to introduce new functionalities. However, the wider application of these tools in biology, agriculture, medicine and biotechnology is limited by off-target mutation effects. In this review, we compare available methods for detecting, measuring and analyzing off-target mutations. Furthermore, we particularly focus on CRISPR/Cas9 regarding various methods, tweaks and software tools available to nullify off-target effects.
Fine-tuning next-generation genome editing tools
MAFFEI, Massimo Emilio;
2016-01-01
Abstract
The availability of genome sequences of numerous organisms and the revolution brought about by genome editing (GE) tools (e.g., ZFNs, TALLENs, and CRISPR/Cas9 or RGENs) has provided a breakthrough in introducing targeted genetic changes both to explore emergent phenotypes and to introduce new functionalities. However, the wider application of these tools in biology, agriculture, medicine and biotechnology is limited by off-target mutation effects. In this review, we compare available methods for detecting, measuring and analyzing off-target mutations. Furthermore, we particularly focus on CRISPR/Cas9 regarding various methods, tweaks and software tools available to nullify off-target effects.
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