Pacifismo anticapitalistico e pacifismo politico. Il problema della guerra nel socialismo (1889-1914)

In the period between 1889 and 1914, the debate on peace and war in international socialism was deep and wide. In this essay I will focus on the left-wing positions identifying two models. On the one hand, the “anti-capitalist pacifism”, which connects peace to the political and social revolution: the position of Rosa Luxemburg serves as an example. On the other hand, the “political pacifism”, which pursues peace here and now as the basic premise of socialism: this position is represented by the anarchist-socialist Gustav Landauer.