Lower Body Lymphedema in Patients with Gynecologic Cancer

Lower body lymphedema is a chronic condition and a significant cause of morbidity following treatment of gynecologic cancer that strongly impacts patients' quality of life (QoL). Most studies on secondary lymphedema have been performed on the upper limb after breast cancer treatment and much less is known about lower body lymphedema after gynecologic malignancies. This review focuses on secondary lymphedema due to gynecologic cancer treatment, analyzing its incidence in the different types of gynecologic cancer, diagnosis, risk factors, impact on QoL and treatment. A systematic search of Medline has been performed to track the studies evaluating lower body lymphedema after treatment for endometrial, ovarian, cervical and vulvar cancer. Unfortunately, there is no consensus about a uniform evaluation and, as a consequence, the reported incidence is broadly different among the studies. Standardization in lymphedema evaluation is required to better compare the outcome of different types of treatment.