The medico-legal, psycho-criminological and epidemiological reality of intimate partner and non-intimate partner femicide in North-West Italy: looking backwards to see forwards.

This paper addresses femicide in Italy. The assumption is that femicide is not a discrete act of killing a woman. It is assumed that depending on the types of relationship between victim and perpetrator (e.g., known versus unknown; intimate versus acquaintance) the risk processes may differ. When femicide involves the killing of an intimate partner it is likely to be characterized by sustained and escalating intimate partner violence (IPV) that can reach its climax with extreme acts of violence that lead to intimate partner femicide (IPF). Eighty-six cases of femicide that occurred in North-West Italy between 1993 and 2013 were examined in this study. Findings suggest that femicide was disproportionately perpetrated by intimate partners (current or past), rather than strangers. IPF was likely to be the epilogue of an abusive relationship, with high levels of contentiousness and conflicts being the frequent significant precursors. Non-intimate partner femicide (NPF) was more likely to be characterized by antisocial or predatory motives, highly frequent when the victims were prostitutes. These preliminary findings suggest that joint scientific, professional and political efforts are paramount in order to address strategies aimed at assessing the differential risk of IPV early in time so as to prevent it from escalating into IPF or NPF, and to provide the appropriate support for victims and their families.