The paper illustrates a study conducted between 2011 and 2014 to complement an experimental archaeology project (European project OpenArch), promoted by the Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology of Modena, in collaboration with Sapienza University of Rome. It aims primarily at expanding the corpus of indicators of metallurgical production in the archaeological contexts of northern Italy between Bronze Age and Early Iron Age (2200/2100-700 BC). To this end, it focuses on those percussion instruments used by ancient craftspeople in the stages of shaping/forging/finishing of artefacts, but also in their maintenance (such as the sharpening of blades) and recycling (fragmentation, cutting etc.). This means putting a particular emphasis on a substantial portion, merely in terms of duration and intensity, of the technical sequence of metallurgical production, which studies in Italy have rarely dealt with. The conceptual as well operational framework of such a survey is that of chaîne opératoire, which is further articulated in order to adapt to the nature of ancient metallurgical practice. Beside the catalogue of artefacts made from stone, and those manufactured with copper-based alloys, a classification work has been carried out, to elucidate their morphological, and hopefully functional and technical features. Their dependence on the type of used material (rocks of various nature, metal) is also assessed. Through a comparative approach, the classification integrates, where possible, the few analytical studies on the use-wear of stone tools in protohistoric times, direct macroscopic observations made from the author and the outcomes of experimental practices. In order to further support the functional interpretation, the occurrence of different classes of percussion instruments in archaeological contexts with more or less explicit links to the metallurgical industry, both in Italy and in other European areas, has been critically examined.
Ricerche sugli strumenti da metallurgo nella protostoria dell’Italia settentrionale: gli utensili a percussione
C. Iaia
2015-01-01
Abstract
The paper illustrates a study conducted between 2011 and 2014 to complement an experimental archaeology project (European project OpenArch), promoted by the Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology of Modena, in collaboration with Sapienza University of Rome. It aims primarily at expanding the corpus of indicators of metallurgical production in the archaeological contexts of northern Italy between Bronze Age and Early Iron Age (2200/2100-700 BC). To this end, it focuses on those percussion instruments used by ancient craftspeople in the stages of shaping/forging/finishing of artefacts, but also in their maintenance (such as the sharpening of blades) and recycling (fragmentation, cutting etc.). This means putting a particular emphasis on a substantial portion, merely in terms of duration and intensity, of the technical sequence of metallurgical production, which studies in Italy have rarely dealt with. The conceptual as well operational framework of such a survey is that of chaîne opératoire, which is further articulated in order to adapt to the nature of ancient metallurgical practice. Beside the catalogue of artefacts made from stone, and those manufactured with copper-based alloys, a classification work has been carried out, to elucidate their morphological, and hopefully functional and technical features. Their dependence on the type of used material (rocks of various nature, metal) is also assessed. Through a comparative approach, the classification integrates, where possible, the few analytical studies on the use-wear of stone tools in protohistoric times, direct macroscopic observations made from the author and the outcomes of experimental practices. In order to further support the functional interpretation, the occurrence of different classes of percussion instruments in archaeological contexts with more or less explicit links to the metallurgical industry, both in Italy and in other European areas, has been critically examined.
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