Percutaneous continuous left stellate ganglion block as an effective bridge to bilateral cardiac sympathetic denervation

Percutaneous left stellate ganglion block (PLSGB) and bilateral cardiac sympathetic denervation (BCSD) are promising techniques for the treatment and prevention of electrical storm (ES). This is the first case of continuous PLSGB used as a bridge to BSCD. A 62-year-old man was resuscitated from an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation. No acute coronary lesions or electrolyte imbalance were found. Successively, a series of ES requiring dozens of direct current shock and refractory to maximal antiarrhythmic therapy, esmolol infusion, sedation, and intubation occurred. Electrical storm was responsive to PLSGB (lidocaine 100 mg and bupivacaine 50 mg), thus a continuous PLSGB (lidocaine 2% at 7 ml/h) via a...