Sulle possibili "corrispondenze" tra linguaggio e ontologia. Sviluppi di un problema ermeneutico

The Gadamerian formula "Sein, das verstanden werden kann, ist Sprache" condenses one of the main issues that we inherit from the contemporary hermeneutics. The contribution intends to develop some of its implications, deepening the problem of how different ontological options can be – at least in part – brought back to the privilege of different parts of the discourse, taking as a reference the fundamental distinction between “categorematic” ontologies and “syncategorematic” ontologies (§ 1). Moving from this background, the §2 examines Paolo Virno’s thesis according to which there are at least three elements of the discourse able to “signify” the unactuality of sense as such: the questions, the operators of possibility and the negation. Then, the § 3 compares the picture that emerged with Deleuze’s ontology, explaining that it offers an even surprising range of elements useful to circumscribe the linguistic dimension of ontology, unified by the fundamental need to make room for the “flexive” rather than “fixing” aspects of language. Finally, the § 4 analyses the general and systematic problem of the possible correspondences between ontologies and language: this raises the question of how the privilege of different aspects of language can involve the attribution of a different fundamental character to reality or its entities, with particular reference to some contemporary ontological proposals.