Predicting hemodynamic failure development in PICU using machine learning techniques

Comoretto, R. I.; Azzolina, D.; Amigoni, A.; Stoppa, G.; Todino, F.; Wolfler, A.; Gregori, D.; Racca, F.; Simonini, A.; Caramelli, F.; Vigna, G.; Stancanelli, G.; L'Erario, M.; Moscatelli, A.; Gitto, E.; Izzo, F.; Montani, C.; Marinosci, G. Z.; Osello, R.; Pettenazzo, A.; Alaimo, N.; Cecchetti, C.; Dotta, A.; Perrotta, D.; Rossetti, E.; Picconi, E.; Maiolo, G.; Savron, F.; Biban, P.; Zanonato, E.; Lanera, C.; Lorenzoni, G.; Nasato, L.; Ocagli, H.

doi:10.3390/diagnostics11071299

The present work aims to identify the predictors of hemodynamic failure (HF) developed during pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) stay testing a set of machine learning techniques (MLTs), comparing their ability to predict the outcome of interest. The study involved patients admitted to PICUs between 2010 and 2020. Data were extracted from the Italian Network of Pediatric Intensive Care Units (TIPNet) registry. The algorithms considered were generalized linear model (GLM), recursive partition tree (RPART), random forest (RF), neural networks models, and extreme gradient boosting (XGB). Since the outcome is rare, upsampling and downsampling algorithms have been applied for imbalance control. For each approach, the main performance measures were reported. Among an overall sample of 29, 494 subjects, only 399 developed HF during the PICU stay. The median age was about two years, and the male gender was the most prevalent. The XGB algorithm outperformed other MLTs in predicting HF development, with a median ROC measure of 0.780 (IQR 0.770-0.793). PIM 3, age, and base excess were found to be the strongest predictors of outcome. The present work provides insights for the prediction of HF development during PICU stay using machine-learning algorithms.