Optimal bipolar system positioning to provide information about the trapezius activity associated with scapular retraction during shoulder exercises for resistance training

Of recent interest is the use of EMG biofeedback to make subjects aware of their stabilizers' activation associated with scapular retraction during exercise, addressing challenges related to EMG detection. Whether there is an optimal bipolar positioning discriminating the stabilizers' activation with retraction from neutral scapular position during resistance exercises is an open issue we addressed here by simultaneously mapping different positions using High-density surface electromyography (HD-sEMG).