Autoantibodies testing in autoimmunity: Diagnostic, prognostic and classification value

Diagnosis of autoimmune diseases is in most cases challenging for clinicians as there is not a single specific laboratory or histological marker to diagnose or exclude the presence of the conditions. This review focused on the current knowledge of the role of autoantibodies' testing in various diseases, such as systemic lupus ery-thematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, antiphospholipid syndrome, undifferentiated connective tissues disease, pri-mary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Similarly, the prognostic and diagnostic values of autoantibodies testing in patients with interstitial lung disease have been reviewed.In-depth research on the molecular action of these autoantibodies on immune regulation and diseases path-ogenesis has been explored beyond their correlation with disease phenotypes, highlighting the impact of auto -antibodies targeting on disease outcomes and etiopathogenesis.