Associazione, organizzazione, socialismo. Note a partire dal conflitto tra Marx e Bakunin

The analysis of the conflict between Marx and Bakunin reflects the evolution and challenges of socialism from the early 19th century to the end of the 20th century. The conflict between Marx and Bakunin during the First International highlighted divergences on the nature of the state, the party, and the role of the working class in revolution. Marx emphasized the role of the political party of the class, while Bakunin favored the autonomy and spontaneity of the masses. This conflict unfolded in a context of post-Paris Commune repression and growing conviction in the imminence of a social revolution. Today, as socialism must adapt and renew itself while maintaining the goal of equality and human respect, the comparison between statist and anti-statist visions continues. The analysis of the state in the anarchist and Marxist world, along with reflection on the role of the working class and new forms of organization, remains crucial for 21st-century socialism.