Massive changes have occurred in our diet. A growing consumption of vegetal oils rich in omega-6 (& omega;-6) and a depletion of omega-3 (& omega;-3) fatty acids (FAs) in our food has led to an imbalance between & omega;-3 and & omega;-6. In particular, eicosapentaenoic (EPA)/arachidonic acid (AA) ratio seems to be an indicator of this derangement, whose reduction is associated to the development of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus. Our aim was therefore to investigate the literature on the effects of & omega;-3 and & omega;-6 FAs on glucose metabolism. We discussed emerging evidence from pre-clinical studies and from clinical trials. Notably, conflicting results emerged. Source of & omega;-3, sample size, ethnicity, study duration and food cooking method may be responsible for the lack of univocal results. High EPA/AA ratio seems to be a promising indicator of better glycemic control and reduced inflammation. On the other hand, linoleic acid (LA) appears to be also associated to a minor incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, although it is still not clear if the outcome is related to a reduced production of AA or to its intrinsic effect. More data derived from multicenter, prospective randomized clinical trials are needed.

The Effects of Omega 3 and Omega 6 Fatty Acids on Glucose Metabolism: An Updated Review

Egalini, Filippo
Co-first
;
Guardamagna, Ornella
Co-first
;
Gaggero, Giulia;Varaldo, Emanuele;Giannone, Beatrice;Beccuti, Guglielmo;Benso, Andrea;Broglio, Fabio
Last
2023-01-01

Abstract

Massive changes have occurred in our diet. A growing consumption of vegetal oils rich in omega-6 (& omega;-6) and a depletion of omega-3 (& omega;-3) fatty acids (FAs) in our food has led to an imbalance between & omega;-3 and & omega;-6. In particular, eicosapentaenoic (EPA)/arachidonic acid (AA) ratio seems to be an indicator of this derangement, whose reduction is associated to the development of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus. Our aim was therefore to investigate the literature on the effects of & omega;-3 and & omega;-6 FAs on glucose metabolism. We discussed emerging evidence from pre-clinical studies and from clinical trials. Notably, conflicting results emerged. Source of & omega;-3, sample size, ethnicity, study duration and food cooking method may be responsible for the lack of univocal results. High EPA/AA ratio seems to be a promising indicator of better glycemic control and reduced inflammation. On the other hand, linoleic acid (LA) appears to be also associated to a minor incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, although it is still not clear if the outcome is related to a reduced production of AA or to its intrinsic effect. More data derived from multicenter, prospective randomized clinical trials are needed.
2023
Inglese
Esperti anonimi
15
12
1
14
14
arachidonic acid glucose metabolism disorders; docosahexanoic acid; eicosapentaenoic acid
no
4 – prodotto già presente in altro archivio Open Access (arXiv, REPEC…)
8
03-CONTRIBUTO IN RIVISTA::03B-Review in Rivista / Rassegna della Lett. in Riv. / Nota Critica
reserved
262
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Egalini, Filippo; Guardamagna, Ornella; Gaggero, Giulia; Varaldo, Emanuele; Giannone, Beatrice; Beccuti, Guglielmo; Benso, Andrea; Broglio, Fabio...espandi
File in questo prodotto:
File Dimensione Formato  
nutrients-15-02672.pdf

Accesso riservato

Tipo di file: PDF EDITORIALE
Dimensione 1.3 MB
Formato Adobe PDF
1.3 MB Adobe PDF   Visualizza/Apri   Richiedi una copia

I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/2318/1965353
Citazioni
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.pmc??? 5
  • Scopus 8
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.isi??? 8
social impact