Impact of the pandemic on surgical oncology in Piedmont, Italy: A retrospective observational study

Background and Methods: This retrospective observational study analyzes how the COVID-19 pandemic affected surgical oncology healthcare in a large sample from Piedmont, Northern Italy. Patients admitted for regular hospitalization were included (n = 99 651). Data from 2020 were compared to the averages from 2016 to 2019, stratified by tumor site, year, month, and admission method, using interrupted time series analysis post-March 2020. Results: In 2020, oncological surgeries decreased by 12.3% (n = 17 923) compared to the 2016–2019 average (n = 20 432), notably dropping post-March (incidence rate ratio = 0.858; p < 0.001). The greatest reduction was observed for breast (−19.2%), colon (−18.2%), bladder (−17.5%), kidney (−14.2%), and prostate (−14%) surgeries. There was a huge reduction in nonemergency admissions (−13.6%), especially for colon (−23.8%), breast (−19.4%), and bladder (−18.7%). The proportion of hospitalizations with emergency access increased (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic led to a significant decrease in cancer surgeries in Piedmont in 2020, with an increase in the proportion of admissions through emergency access. Discussion: The research provides valuable insights for comparing data with other regions and evaluating the effectiveness of efforts to recover lost surgical procedures. These findings can be useful to policymakers in developing coordinated measures and more efficient access strategies to healthcare services in any future emergency situations.