Genetic Factors and Psoriatic Arthritis

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a complex immune-mediated disease and its pathogenesis depends both on genetic factors and environment. PsA patients may present a wide range of clinical manifestations including skin and nail abnormalities. Indeed, articular involvement is variable too. Disease development relies on a heterogeneous net made of multiple cytokines pathways which are regulated by several factors including human leucocyte antigen (HLA) expression, miRNAs, microbiome. Among genetic polymorphisms which can lead to abnormal cytokine expression, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) polymorphisms have been studied. Thus, leading to the development of new therapeutic agents. Finally, further studies on genetic factors and epigenetics will give new insights into this complex disorder. The aim of this mini-review is to provide the reader with a summary of the fundamental and most innovative aspects of genetic and epigenetic factors involved in the PsA, thus including human leucocyte antigen (HLA) expression, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) polymorphisms, micro RNAs and microbiome.