Evolution of Modern and Ancient Orogenic Belts

Orogens are broadly grouped into accretionary and collisional types [1], and their formation is explained by the Wilson Cycle [2]. The formation of both ancient and modern orogenic belts involves subduction of the oceanic and continental lithosphere, followed by crustal thickening and, often, movement of the lithosphere into the asthenospheric mantle, followed by subsequent exhumation and uplift through complex tectonic processes.