НАУЧНЫЕ КАРЬЕРЫ ЖЕНЩИН-МЕДИКОВ В ЛЕНИНГРАДСКИХ ВЫСШИХ УЧЕБНЫХ ЗАВЕДЕНИЯХ В 1920-е гг.: НА ПРИМЕРЕ ПЕРВОГО МЕДИЦИНСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА (Nauchnye kar'ery zhenshchin-medikov v leningradskih vysshih uchebnyh zavedeniyah v 1920-e gg.: na primere Pervogo medicinskogo universiteta [Scientific careers of female physicians at Leningrad institutions of higher education in the 1920s: the case of the First Medical University])

This paper analyzes women, who workied in higher medical institution in the 1920s. The analysis was based on data about personnel of the First Leningrad Medical Institute. The main purpose of this article is to analyze the paths of female emancipation after the Great October Revolution of 1917 and to compare their academic careers with those of their male colleagues. This study identifies gender discrimination against women in First Leningrad Medical Institute. Medicine was one of the first scientific field to which women were able to gain access, and First Leningrad Medical Institute, was the first official institution giving women higher education in Russia. Therefore the study provides an opportunity to look at the unique experiences of women-pioneers building their academic careers in the institute. The main sources were researcher directories, a biographical dictionary, articles, and a new source that was not used for such analysis before - the Institute’s student newspapers. The methodology of the analysis included a combination of statistical and prosopographic methods and, also, discourse analysis. The results of the study led to the conclusion that despite the establishment of gender equality by Bolsheviks, very few women were able to successfully advance in their careers. It was more difficult to build a career for women than for men. In addition, both before and after the revolution, women were subjected to gender discrimination within the institution. The fact that women built their careers in an inherently female institution did not contribute to their more successful careers.