Foundations of banking origin: what future 35 years after the “Amato Law”?

The paper explores the evolution and future of banking foundations in Italy, tracing their transformation from public credit institutions into private, non-profit entities with a strong social mission. The analysis covers key legislative milestones, including the Amato-Carli Law, the Ciampi Law, and the Tremonti reform, highlighting their impact on the autonomy and governance of these foundations. The study also examines their role in the Third Sector, their financial sustainability, and the regulatory framework governing their operations. Despite their crucial socio-economic contributions, banking foundations face challenges such as political interference and governance inefficiencies. The paper suggests possible reforms to enhance their transparency, efficiency, and alignment with public interest objectives.