Surgery Versus Chemoradiation Therapy for Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Multidimensional Cross-Sectional Study

Background/Objectives: The management of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) often involves multidisciplinary decision-making to optimize patient outcomes. Surgery and chemoradiation therapy (CRT) represent the two main treatment modalities. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to provide a comprehensive analysis of quality of life, speech, swallowing, sleep, psychological distress, and nutritional status in OPSCC patients treated with either surgery or CRT. Methods: Thirty subjects were divided into two groups based on treatment modality (>12-month follow-up): (A) surgery ± adjuvant treatment (15 patients); (B) exclusive CRT (15 patients). A multidimensional evaluation was performed by means of validated questionnaires. The following parameters were analyzed: quality of life, speech, swallowing, sleep quality, risk of sleep apnea, sleepiness, psychological distress, pain, and nutritional status. Results: No statistically significant difference was found between the two study groups for every parameter. The EORTC QLQ-C30 globally showed a good quality of life in both groups. Poor sleep quality was observed in 9 (60%) subjects in group A and in 6 (40%) patients in group B, respectively. Low, intermediate and high risk of malnutrition was observed in 73.3%, 20.0% and 6.7% of cases in group A, and in 93.3%, 6.7% and 0.0% in group B, respectively. Conclusions: Surgery and exclusive chemoradiotherapy appear to yield similar long-term outcomes across all evaluated dimensions, including quality of life, speech, swallowing, sleep, psychological distress, and nutritional status.