Adventively established Leptopilina japonica: a new opportunity for augmentative biocontrol of Drosophila suzukii

The invasive spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, has emerged as a significant global pest over the past decade, threatening fruit production worldwide. The parasitoid Leptopilina japonica, presumed native to East Asia, has established adventive populations in Europe and North America and is increasingly recognized for its ability to parasitize substantial proportions of D. suzukii larvae across diverse habitats. Here, we provide a broad review of the biology, establishment, distribution, and potential impacts of L. japonica. Using field data from international monitoring programs, we document the seasonal dynamics of plant–host–parasitoid associations and assess evidence for L. japonica’s impact on D. suzukii and non-target organisms. Findings indicate that L. japonica has successfully established in several areas where D. suzukii is present in Europe and North America, showing promise as a biological control agent to support sustainable pest management. Current data suggest it provides some suppression of D. suzukii populations with minimal non-target effects. However, long-term studies are necessary to clarify its food web interactions and efficacy as a biological control agent. In areas where L. japonica has been established, we propose its use in augmentative biological control programs to enhance its impacts in specific agricultural settings. Case-specific evaluations of its ecological effects and role in integrated pest management, supported by continued monitoring, are essential. The case of L. japonica illustrates the need for clear, research-informed policies to guide the use of adventively established non-indigenous natural enemies in pest management.