La regolazione dell’intelligenza artificiale negli Stati Uniti: un confronto con il modello europeo

The article provides a comparative analysis of the regulation of artificial intelligence (AI) in the United States and the European Union, with a particular focus on the European AI Act. The author highlights that the US approach is fragmented, relying on a mix of federal and state initiatives, executive action, and the work of independent regulatory agencies. In contrast, the EU has launched unified, risk-based regulatory framework that aims to harmonise AI regulation across member states. The article examines key differences in the definitions of AI, regulatory techniques and institutional structures adopted in both systems. It also discusses the role of technical standards, the pioneering initiatives in the field of individual US states (such as California and Colorado), and the increasing importance of global coordination. The protection of fundamental rights, the balance between innovation and security, and the importance of cross-jurisdictional dialogue to ensure effective and legitimate governance of AI technologies remains so many challenges for the foreseeable future.