Antisemitism in the algorithmic age: propaganda, disinformation, and generative AI

Abstract This paper investigates how generative artificial intelligence (AI) is being used to produce and disseminate antisemitic propaganda, particularly in the context of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. It explores the epistemic, cultural, and legal implications of digital antisemitism, asking how algorithmic systems contribute to the distortion of Holocaust memory and the normalization of hate speech, including the recent rhetorical reinterpretation of terms such as genocide. The study adopts an interdisciplinary approach, combining media analysis, policy review, and discourse theory. This has also made it possible to analyse the transformation of anti-Semitic language in digital spaces and social media, allowing us to understand the evolution of anti-Semitism, increasingly masked by anti-Zionism, in the postmodern reality. It draws on documented cases and international reports to examine rhetorical strategies and the algorithmic amplification of antisemitic narratives. A comparative analysis of European and Israeli responses is included, with a focus on regulatory gaps and educational frameworks. The lack of harmonized legal definitions across EU member states hampers effective regulation. The paper argues for a culture of algorithmic responsibility and the adoption of shared standards, such as the IHRA definition of antisemitism. It calls for coordinated action in education, regulation, and technology to counter algorithmic hate and protect historical truth in the digital age. This also entails investigating the sources used by AI systems, assessing not only their reliability, but also critically examining who produced them, and to what extent those sources reflect intellectual honesty and political neutrality.