Ultrasound-Guided Mandibular Alveolar Nerve Block in Rabbits: A Cadaveric Comparison of In-Plane and Out-Of-Plane Approaches

Dental procedures involving the lower jaw are common in pet rabbits and are often associated with significant pain. Effective perioperative analgesia is therefore essential, particularly in a species that may show subtle signs of pain and is highly sensitive to stress. The mandibular alveolar nerve block can provide targeted analgesia for procedures involving the mandibular teeth; however, in rabbits, it has been described only as a blind technique based on anatomical landmarks. In this cadaveric study, we describe an ultrasound-guided approach to the mandibular alveolar nerve in rabbits and compare two different needle insertion techniques. Ultrasound guidance allowed visualisation of relevant anatomical structures and needle placement near the target nerve. Both techniques resulted in a comparable distribution of the injected solution around the nerve, suggesting that either approach may be technically suitable. The use of an ultrasound-guided approach may be particularly useful in challenging cases or in animals with altered anatomy. Further clinical studies in live rabbits are now needed to confirm its effectiveness and safety in routine practice.