Deep Learning Model for Automated Classification of Macular Neovascularization Subtypes in AMD

PURPOSE. To develop a deep learning algorithm capable of accurately classifying macular neovascularization (MNV) subtypes in patients with treatment-naïve exudative neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. METHODS. In this retrospective cohort study, a total of 193 eyes with treatment-naïve neovascular AMD were included. Each case was classified into MNV subtypes (type 1, 2, or 3) based on structural OCT features. Convolutional neural network (CNN)-based deep learning models were trained using cross-validation to classify MNV subtypes. Preprocessing included homogenization of image data to optimize use of layer information for classification. Performance metrics included sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), with and without homogenization. RESULTS. Homogenized OCT data improved classification performance compared to non-homogenized data for all models. The highest reported sensitivity and specificity for type 1 MNV was 96.7% and 84.9%; for type 2, 100.0% and 85.5%; and, for type 3, 84.9% and 87.9%, respectively. The AUCs for type 1, 2, and 3 MNV were 0.95, 0.97, and 0.91, respectively. Occlusion sensitivity analysis revealed critical regions for classification, highlighting distinct anatomical differences among MNV subtypes. CONCLUSIONS. The proposed deep learning model demonstrated high accuracy in classifying MNV subtypes on structural OCT, with improved performance following homogenization. This tool could assist clinicians in accurately and efficiently diagnosing MNV subtypes, potentially influencing treatment decisions and patient outcomes in neovascular AMD.