Genetic polymorphism of goat CSN1S1 and CSN1S2 genes and their impact on milk composition

by means of selection based on parent genotyping at the DNA level it will be possible to obtain goat populations producing milk characterised by the absence of either as1-casein, or as2-casein or b-casein. Such milk could be useful for specific technological processes of transformation or for specific nutritional or dietary purposes in order to attenuate the negative consequence of some metabolic deficiencies and allergies and to contribute to the prevention of some diseases Considering the remarkable quantitative polymorphism characterizing the main protein fractions encoding gene, some goat milk types are more similar to the woman milk and, therefore, could be used, with better results, in the human feeding. In fact, the woman milk possess particular characteristics. It is lacking in the b-lactoglobulin fraction and it is characterized by a general low content in casein, in particular, as2 casein absence and as1 casein traces, similar to the milk produced by goats with genotype CSN1S2 0/0.