Neurobehavioural and neuroendocrine effects of occupational exposure to perchloroethylene

The hypothesis that long-term low-level exposure to perchloroethylene (PERC) may impair the dopaminergic control of prolactin (PRL) secretion and negatively affect neurobehavioral performance, was tested in a cross-sectional survey of dry-cleaners. Sixty female workers exposed to PERC in dry-cleaning shops and thirthy controls recruited in a cleaning plant not using solvents were examined. PERC air concentration during four-hour random periods varied from 1 to 67 ppm (median 15 ppm). PERC blood levels ranged 12-864 mg/L (median 145 mg/L). A set of tests from a computer-based performance evaluation system was administered, including Finger Tapping with both dominant and non-dominant hands, Simple reaction Times, Digit Symbol, and Shape comparison in two different versions constructed to test vigilance and the response to moderate stress, respectively. During the proliferative phase of the manstrual cycle, PERC-exposed workers showed increased serum PRL (12.1 +/- 6.7 ng/ml) as compared to their matched controls (7.4 +/- 3.1 ng/ml; p < 0.001). Prolonged reaction times were also observed in all tests. However, neither the duration of the exposure nor air and blood PERC concentrations were significantly correlated with performance. Nor were exposure variables associated with the increased PRL levels.