Different types of thoracic endografts

The emerging role of stent-graft strategies for the management of thoracic aortic diseases has attracted growing acceptance, especially in considering the sobering results of open repair in thoracic high-risk settings (e.g., acute dissection, trauma, rupture). Aortic endograft technology for thoracic diseases has rapidly improved after the early use of first generation devices, and the new models show very promising early and mid-term success rates. To date there is no evidence of the superiority of any single device model over the others. Indeed, each device has some peculiarities that makes it more useful in specific settings. Current limitations in thoracic stent-grafts will hopefully be addressed with new designs of highly-individualized low-profile devices in order to extend the applicability of stent-graft technology in the thoracic aorta. Despite progress in configuration and flexibility and the greater availability of different devices compared to a decade ago, shortcomings of specific endovascular grafts including collapse, migration, or dislodgment have not been fully resolved. Nowadays the selection of patients on the basis of favourable anatomy and pathology is the key for the success of the procedure. Not all patients have lesions amenable to stent-graft repair (contraindications for endovascular treatment of thoracic aorta are still not marginal and mainly defined by anatomical constraints) and thoracic endografting is technically challenging, requiring dedicated facilities and experienced specialists. This paper discusses the different configurations and models of stent-graft for thoracic aortic disease as well as the still existing shortcomings.