Bisphenols, organic synthetic compounds used to produce plastics, are an abundant class of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals. Bisphenol A (BPA) is the first and the most highly produced one. Thanks to its structure, BPA can act through different types of nuclear and membrane-bound hormone receptors, exerting a wide range of effects on the organism. To stem the deleterious effects of BPA, other bisphenols, such as bisphenol S (BPS), have been proposed as BPA substitutes. Unfortunately, BPS seems to display the same, or even worse, endocrine disrupting properties as the BPA. Considering that i.exposure to bisphenols is still increasing, ii.while there is an European legislation for BPA, it is still lacking for its analogues, iii.consequences of exposure to such compounds differ based on numerous parameters, we investigated the effects of oral exposure to low dose (4µg/kg BW/day, EFSA TDI for BPA) BPA or BPS in both female mice during pregnancy and lactation (adult exposure) and in the offspring (perinatal exposure). Last, BPA had been controversially implicated in the etiology of Multiple Sclerosis, but nothing is known about BPS. Taking the advantage of the Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis mouse model, we evaluated the consequences of both BPA and BPS perinatal exposure in the disease. Exposure to bisphenols in dams affected social and maternal behavior and oxytocin and vasopressin systems. In the offspring we observed alterations of puberty onset and of sexual and anxiety-related behaviors, together with changes in kisspeptin and serotonin systems. Last, both bisphenols affected EAE course and histopathological parameters differently in the two sexes. Our results strengthened previous data about deleterious effects of BPA and highlighted those of BPS which cannot represent a safe alternative.
Bisphenol A and bisphenol S: environmental risk factors in health and disease
Brigitta Bonaldo
2022-01-01
Abstract
Bisphenols, organic synthetic compounds used to produce plastics, are an abundant class of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals. Bisphenol A (BPA) is the first and the most highly produced one. Thanks to its structure, BPA can act through different types of nuclear and membrane-bound hormone receptors, exerting a wide range of effects on the organism. To stem the deleterious effects of BPA, other bisphenols, such as bisphenol S (BPS), have been proposed as BPA substitutes. Unfortunately, BPS seems to display the same, or even worse, endocrine disrupting properties as the BPA. Considering that i.exposure to bisphenols is still increasing, ii.while there is an European legislation for BPA, it is still lacking for its analogues, iii.consequences of exposure to such compounds differ based on numerous parameters, we investigated the effects of oral exposure to low dose (4µg/kg BW/day, EFSA TDI for BPA) BPA or BPS in both female mice during pregnancy and lactation (adult exposure) and in the offspring (perinatal exposure). Last, BPA had been controversially implicated in the etiology of Multiple Sclerosis, but nothing is known about BPS. Taking the advantage of the Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis mouse model, we evaluated the consequences of both BPA and BPS perinatal exposure in the disease. Exposure to bisphenols in dams affected social and maternal behavior and oxytocin and vasopressin systems. In the offspring we observed alterations of puberty onset and of sexual and anxiety-related behaviors, together with changes in kisspeptin and serotonin systems. Last, both bisphenols affected EAE course and histopathological parameters differently in the two sexes. Our results strengthened previous data about deleterious effects of BPA and highlighted those of BPS which cannot represent a safe alternative.
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