Immunoglobulin production pattern is allergen-specific in polysensitized patients

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is characterized by Th2 polarized immune response, such as increased IL-4 and reduced IFN-gamma production, and by a functional defect of T regulatory cells. This impaired immune response profile influences the pattern of immunoglobulin production in allergic patients. Therefore, the aim of this study is firstly to investigate the allergen-specific IgE, IgG, IgG4, and IgA serum level pattern in polysensitized AR patients with the same skin prick test positivity to some pollen allergens. Secondly, this study aims at relating immunoglobulin (Ig) values with some clinical and immunological parameters. Eighty polysensitized patients with AR were enrolled. Serum allergen-specific IgE, IgG, IgG4, and IgA for mites, Parietaria, grasses, and birch, TGF-beta and sHLA-G were determined by the ELISA method. Allergic symptoms and drugs use were also assessed. Allergen-specific IgE, IgG, IgG4, and IgA serum levels were significantly different for each tested allergen (p=0.0001). There was a significant correlation between IgE levels and allergy severity, whereas IgA had an antagonistic behaviour, considering mite-specific immunoglobulins. In conclusion, the present study provides the first evidence that immunoglobulin production pattern depends on the specificity of the allergenic response.