A Cross-Cultural Validation of the Italian Version of the Nurse’s Environmental Awareness Tool (NEAT)

The healthcare sector significantly impacts environmental sustainability, with nurses contributing to waste and energy use while also being positioned to lead change through sustainable practices. However, only one validated tool, the Nurses' Environmental Awareness Tool (NEAT), is currently available to assess their environmental awareness. This study aimed to adapt the NEAT into Italian and evaluate its psychometric properties. The Italian version was developed using a five-phase approach, followed by a cross-sectional validation study to assess its validity and reliability. A sample of 382 nurses and nursing students was included. The Italian NEAT demonstrated optimal content and face validity indices, satisfactory goodness-of-fit indices confirming the original six-subscale structure (Comparative Fit Index 0.85-0.92; Tucker-Lewis Index 0.80-0.90; Standardized Root Mean Square Residual 0.05-0.08; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation 0.06-0.14), and good reliability values (Cronbach's alpha 0.77-0.90; omega-omega >= 0.80). Construct validity results were likewise satisfactory. The participants' scores suggested limited knowledge but adequate environmental awareness and ecological behaviors. The Italian version of the NEAT is designed for screening purposes, guiding educational interventions, and supporting research in both clinical and academic contexts. By contributing to the advancement of knowledge on sustainability in healthcare, it promotes environmentally responsible practices within the nursing profession