Adaptive persuasive games: A systematic literature review

Persuasive systems aim to support behavior change using interactive technologies. Among them, adaptive persuasive games, which combine game-based approaches with adaptive features, have recently emerged as promising tools for promoting positive behavioral changes. In this article, we report the findings of a systematic literature review of existing adaptive persuasive games (N = 55), following the Grounded Theory approach for Literature Review. We point out the main types of game-based approaches employed in the literature and the importance of aesthetics, playability, and variety in the game design. Then, we investigate the adaptation techniques employed and the central role of users’ individuality in the proposed designs. Moreover, we analyze the main persuasive theories on which adaptive persuasive games rely, as well as the most commonly used intervention designs. Finally, we describe the evaluation methodologies used and the outcomes of the proposed interventions in terms of behavior change, motivation and engagement. In conclusion, we discuss the issues emerging from the current literature and identify possible solutions and future research directions for adaptive persuasive game design.