Beta-galactoside-binding protein (beta GBP) alters the cell cycle, up-regulates expression of the alpha- and beta-chains of the IFN-gamma receptor, and triggers IFN-gamma-mediated apoptosis of activated human T lymphocytes

In this paper, the effects of beta-galactoside binding protein (beta GBP), the LGALS1 gene product, on the cell cycle progression and expansion of activated human T lymphocytes were studied. Beta GBP drastically inhibits the IL-2 induced proliferation of PHA-activated T lymphocytes as well as the IL-2 independent proliferation of malignant T lymphocytes by arresting them in the S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle. In addition, beta GBP up-regulates the expression of both the alpha- and the beta-chains of the IFN-gamma R on activated T lymphocyte membrane. None of these effects depend on sugar binding: saturating amounts of lactose do not affect the cell cycle block nor IFN-gamma R up-modulation. The increased expression of both chains renders beta GBP-treated T lymphoblasts sensitive to IFN-y-induced apoptosis. Taken as a whole, these findings suggest that beta GBP plays an important immunoregulatory role by switching off T lymphocyte effector functions. They also provide the first evidence of up-modulation of IFN-gamma R expression on T lymphocytes by a negative cell growth regulator.