HIGH CONCENTRATION CAPACITY SAMPLING TECHNIQUES FOR QUANTITATION OF SOLID VEGETABLE MATRICES: A COMPLEX TASK

The request for control analysis, quantitation of diagnostic marker defining specific characteristic of a matrix, and of information of higher level from a current set of analytical data is ever increasing. New strategies have therefore to be developed to satisfy these requests, in particular fast and automatic analysis methods where the main steps of the analytical procedure (i.e. sample preparation, analysis and data elaboration) are on-line combined in a single step in order to develop the so-called Total Analysis System or TAS. This strategy in depth conditions sample preparation, in particular with solid samples since it requires that the number of steps (mainly solvent extraction(s)) is reduced to a minimum, and, when possible, polluting solvents eliminated. High concentration capacity (HCC) sampling techniques perfectly meet this need; they include a group of highly effective sampling systems where analytes in vapor, liquid or even solid phases are accumulated onto a sorbent, an adsorbent or, to a lesser extent, into a solvent (SPME, SBSE, HSSE, SPDE. STE, LPME, etc.). Their origin can be dated to 1989 when Arthur and Pawliszyn [1] introduced solid phase microextraction (SPME). This lecture aims to discuss the use of different quantitation approaches when HCC techniques are applied to sample solid matrices of vegetable origin to satisfy requests of data of different nature.