Viticulture and wine production are important agro-economic activities worldwide, with the consumption of the grapes being the main route of exploitation in this field. These processes also generate huge amounts of residues that are normally discarded causing environmental problems. In this sense, there is a growing demand in valorization and reuse of Vitis Vinifera (commonly known as grapevine) by-products, with the aim of exploiting their use as renewable sources of bioactive compounds for numerous applications within pharmaceutical and cosmetic sectors. Different strategies have been developed for the extraction of natural compounds from Vitis Vinifera by-products. These methods normally require numerous steps and large amounts of organic solvents to extract the compounds of interest while removing interfering substances, thus being tedious and environment-unfriendly. Therefore, the development of sustainable strategies for the extraction of natural compounds is of special importance, to reduce the consumption of harmful solvents and to simplify the entire approach. Ionic liquids (ILs) arise as a potential alternative to conventional organic solvents due to their low toxicity and impressive synthetic tunability, which allows the preparation of ILs with specific physicochemical properties. Among IL derivatives, IL-based surfactants are prepared by incorporating long aliphatic chains in their structures. These new solvents have attracted much attention in liquid-phase extraction approaches due to their solvation properties derived from their ability to undergo micellization in aqueous solutions at concentrations lower than conventional surfactants with similar structures. In this sense, IL-based surfactants stand as adequate candidates to extract a great variety of compounds from complex matrixes. In this study, a focused-microwave assisted extraction method using micellar solutions of IL-based surfactants followed by high-performance liquid chromatography and UV-Visible detection is developed for the extraction of bioactive compounds from Vitis Vinifera leaves. The experimental conditions are optimized using an experimental design to obtain the maximum extraction efficiency. The resulting methodology is simpler, faster and greener compared with a conventional solid-liquid extraction method, while maintaining the requirements in terms of sensitivity and even improving them for several compounds.
Ionic liquid-based surfactants for the extraction of natural compounds from Vitis vinifera leaves
Cecilia Cagliero;
2019-01-01
Abstract
Viticulture and wine production are important agro-economic activities worldwide, with the consumption of the grapes being the main route of exploitation in this field. These processes also generate huge amounts of residues that are normally discarded causing environmental problems. In this sense, there is a growing demand in valorization and reuse of Vitis Vinifera (commonly known as grapevine) by-products, with the aim of exploiting their use as renewable sources of bioactive compounds for numerous applications within pharmaceutical and cosmetic sectors. Different strategies have been developed for the extraction of natural compounds from Vitis Vinifera by-products. These methods normally require numerous steps and large amounts of organic solvents to extract the compounds of interest while removing interfering substances, thus being tedious and environment-unfriendly. Therefore, the development of sustainable strategies for the extraction of natural compounds is of special importance, to reduce the consumption of harmful solvents and to simplify the entire approach. Ionic liquids (ILs) arise as a potential alternative to conventional organic solvents due to their low toxicity and impressive synthetic tunability, which allows the preparation of ILs with specific physicochemical properties. Among IL derivatives, IL-based surfactants are prepared by incorporating long aliphatic chains in their structures. These new solvents have attracted much attention in liquid-phase extraction approaches due to their solvation properties derived from their ability to undergo micellization in aqueous solutions at concentrations lower than conventional surfactants with similar structures. In this sense, IL-based surfactants stand as adequate candidates to extract a great variety of compounds from complex matrixes. In this study, a focused-microwave assisted extraction method using micellar solutions of IL-based surfactants followed by high-performance liquid chromatography and UV-Visible detection is developed for the extraction of bioactive compounds from Vitis Vinifera leaves. The experimental conditions are optimized using an experimental design to obtain the maximum extraction efficiency. The resulting methodology is simpler, faster and greener compared with a conventional solid-liquid extraction method, while maintaining the requirements in terms of sensitivity and even improving them for several compounds.
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