Successful grafting is a complex biochemical and structural process that begins with an initial wound response, followed by a callus formation, the creation of a continuous cambium and the establishment of a functional vascular system between the two grafting partners. Several processes need to occur at the graft interface as cell recognition, initiation of the cell cycle, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and plasmodesmata development in which some secondary metabolites, as phenolic compounds, seem to be intensely involved. The role of polyphenolic compounds in graft compatibility has been widely studied in several fruit species as Pyrus communis L. and Vitis spp.: they play an important role in the graft-union formation during the callusing stage, where an intense production and subsequent accumulation of these secondary metabolites occurs. This accumulation in the wound tissues may cause marked effects on growth and metabolism of the shoots. This work aimed at investigating the differences in polyphenolic content in Castanea spp. scion and rootstock tissues and understanding if they can be used as chemical markers as early detection of graft compatibility, using combinations of the C. sativa cultivars with clonal and seed rootstocks. For this purpose, extracts of grafting tissues collected above graft union, at the graft union and below graft union from each combination at crucial stages of the grafting cycle (callusing, rooting and end of cycle) were prepared and analysed by HPLC. Several chemical markers were considered: 6 phenolic acids, 5 flavonols, 2 catechins, and 2 tannins. The obtained results analyzed if the content in specific polyphenols are related to the level of compatibility of different grafting combinations.
L’analisi dei composti polifenolici come metodo predittivo per valutare la compatibilita’ di innesto di Castanea spp. su portinnesti clonali
Dario Donno;Maria Gabriella Mellano;Gabriele Loris Beccaro
2020-01-01
Abstract
Successful grafting is a complex biochemical and structural process that begins with an initial wound response, followed by a callus formation, the creation of a continuous cambium and the establishment of a functional vascular system between the two grafting partners. Several processes need to occur at the graft interface as cell recognition, initiation of the cell cycle, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and plasmodesmata development in which some secondary metabolites, as phenolic compounds, seem to be intensely involved. The role of polyphenolic compounds in graft compatibility has been widely studied in several fruit species as Pyrus communis L. and Vitis spp.: they play an important role in the graft-union formation during the callusing stage, where an intense production and subsequent accumulation of these secondary metabolites occurs. This accumulation in the wound tissues may cause marked effects on growth and metabolism of the shoots. This work aimed at investigating the differences in polyphenolic content in Castanea spp. scion and rootstock tissues and understanding if they can be used as chemical markers as early detection of graft compatibility, using combinations of the C. sativa cultivars with clonal and seed rootstocks. For this purpose, extracts of grafting tissues collected above graft union, at the graft union and below graft union from each combination at crucial stages of the grafting cycle (callusing, rooting and end of cycle) were prepared and analysed by HPLC. Several chemical markers were considered: 6 phenolic acids, 5 flavonols, 2 catechins, and 2 tannins. The obtained results analyzed if the content in specific polyphenols are related to the level of compatibility of different grafting combinations.
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