Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most widespread neurodegenerative diseases involving dementia and mainly affecting people over 65 years of age. The therapy of early and moderate stages of AD is mainly based on acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibitors such as donepezil and galanthamine. The aim of this study is to explore new AChE inhibitors from plant volatile specialized metabolites. Seventy-one essential oils (EOs) from different plant species and botanical families (Annonaceae, Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Betulaceae, Burseraceae, Caryophyllaceae, Cupressaceae, Ericaceae, Geraniaceae, Lamiaceae, Lauraceae, Mirtaceae, Oleaceae, Pinacee, Piperaceae, Poaceae, Rosaceae, Rutaceae, Santalaceae, Stiracaceae, Verbenaceae, Zingiberaceae) were tested in vitro using a colorimetric assay based on Ellman’s method. Each EO was chemically characterized using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Promising AChE inhibitory activities were observed for the OEs of Laurus nobilis L., Salvia officinalis L., Hyssopus officinalis L., Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Lavandula latifolia Medik., Origanum vulgare L., Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Chamaemelum nobile L. According to literature data, the potentially bioactive constituents responsible for the AChE inhibition, of the screened EOs, are 1,8-cineole, α-pinene, carvacrol, linalool, linalyl acetate and camphor. Further experiments are currently being carried out to verify the biological activity of the above mentioned compounds and to investigate on potential antagonist, additive, or synergistic interactions among them. Furthermore, a bio-guided fractionation approach will be adopted to isolate and identify the active fractions/compounds of Chamaemelum nobile EO, which to the best of authors’ knowledge have been poorly investigated as potential tyrosinase inhibitors. Despite further experiments are still required, these preliminary results suggest that EOs are a promising source of potential AChE inhibitors.
Essential oils bearing specialized metabolites with potential acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity
Francesca Capetti;Cecilia Cagliero;Arianna Marengo;Giulia Mastellone;Carlo Bicchi;Patrizia Rubiolo;Barbara Sgorbini
2021-01-01
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most widespread neurodegenerative diseases involving dementia and mainly affecting people over 65 years of age. The therapy of early and moderate stages of AD is mainly based on acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibitors such as donepezil and galanthamine. The aim of this study is to explore new AChE inhibitors from plant volatile specialized metabolites. Seventy-one essential oils (EOs) from different plant species and botanical families (Annonaceae, Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Betulaceae, Burseraceae, Caryophyllaceae, Cupressaceae, Ericaceae, Geraniaceae, Lamiaceae, Lauraceae, Mirtaceae, Oleaceae, Pinacee, Piperaceae, Poaceae, Rosaceae, Rutaceae, Santalaceae, Stiracaceae, Verbenaceae, Zingiberaceae) were tested in vitro using a colorimetric assay based on Ellman’s method. Each EO was chemically characterized using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Promising AChE inhibitory activities were observed for the OEs of Laurus nobilis L., Salvia officinalis L., Hyssopus officinalis L., Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Lavandula latifolia Medik., Origanum vulgare L., Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Chamaemelum nobile L. According to literature data, the potentially bioactive constituents responsible for the AChE inhibition, of the screened EOs, are 1,8-cineole, α-pinene, carvacrol, linalool, linalyl acetate and camphor. Further experiments are currently being carried out to verify the biological activity of the above mentioned compounds and to investigate on potential antagonist, additive, or synergistic interactions among them. Furthermore, a bio-guided fractionation approach will be adopted to isolate and identify the active fractions/compounds of Chamaemelum nobile EO, which to the best of authors’ knowledge have been poorly investigated as potential tyrosinase inhibitors. Despite further experiments are still required, these preliminary results suggest that EOs are a promising source of potential AChE inhibitors.
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