Through the social identity change in expatriates: the role of group membership

The expatriation is perceived as a life change that shapes self-concept. Belonging to multiple groups has been shown to play a protective role in international students’ adjustment and to support health and well-being at different stages of transitions (Cruwys et al. 2021). The aim of the present study is to explore through the Social Identity Model of Identity Change (SIMIC, Haslam et al., 2021) how on the identity transition of academic expatriates, the socio-psychological factors impact the successful adjustment during life transition. Using a qualitative method such as an online focus group with 7 Italian expatriate researchers, this study analyzes the difficulties, resources and desires that characterize the different phases of departure, stay, and possibly return. A thematic analysis was designed according to the SIMIC hypotheses to explore the effects of multiple group membership, social identity continuity, social identity gain and compatibility between their previous and current identities. The results showed that multiple group memberships preceding the life change were seen as a source of emotional and practical support during the departure and return phases. Nevertheless, it was sometimes perceived as a barrier to social identity adjustment and contributed to experiencing stress and loss. Indeed, gaining new social identities was reported as a motivational process for developing a sense of belonging as a source of self-esteem and self-efficacy. Identity continuity emerged as a resource for challenges, even though compatibility was sometimes perceived as difficult due to stereotypes and cultural adaptation. These findings highlight the role of a social identity approach to interventions to promote the health and well-being of international students and workers.