Scenario-based learning as a framework for combining Advanced Computing Environments and generative AI in Mathematics education for security and defence

Teaching Mathematics to students enrolled in non-STEM programmes remains a major educational challenge, particularly when learners perceive the subject as abstract and disconnected from their future professional contexts. Scenario-Based Learning (SBL) offers a promising approach to increase engagement by embedding mathematical concepts within authentic and discipline-specific problems. At the same time, the rapid diffusion of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) raises new questions about how it can be effectively integrated with established mathematical technologies to support learning. This study investigates how the complementary use of an Advanced Computing Environment (Maple) and GenAI within an SBL-based Mathematical Modelling course supports students' learning experiences in Security and Defence education. The research involved 75 master's students enrolled in the course Mathematical Modelling for Security and Defence. A mixed-method approach was adopted, combining pre- and post-course questionnaires with qualitative analysis of students' open-ended responses. The findings show that students perceived Maple and GenAI as complementary rather than alternative tools. Maple was mainly recognised for ensuring mathematical rigour, modelling and verification, whereas GenAI supported conceptual understanding, coding assistance and strategy exploration. Students also reported improved confidence in understanding challenging mathematical concepts and a significantly stronger preference for collaborative work, while qualitative evidence highlighted the development of critical approaches to AI use and effective teamwork strategies. Rather than replacing mathematical reasoning, students learned to integrate both technologies critically within authentic problem-solving activities. These results suggest that SBL provides an effective pedagogical framework for combining established mathematical software and GenAI to support mathematical learning and selected transversal skills in interdisciplinary higher education contexts such as Security and Defence.