In dairy production, Hermetia illucens oil (HIO) could represent a more sustainable energy source than oil palm products, but no in vivo information is available on the effects of this strategy on ruminal biohydrogenation and microbial-derived lipids (odd- and branched-chain fatty acids [FA] and dimethyl acetals [DMA]). To address this knowledge gap, two balanced groups of 13 Valdostana Red Pied cows were fed a 70:30 forage-to-concentrate ratio diet, differing only for its supplemental lipid source: fractionated palm oil (FPO) or HIO (3.4% of concentrate dry matter). At the beginning and after 50 d of treatments, ruminal fluid was collected for a detailed characterization of lipids. Ruminal fluid of HIO cows showed a 25% decrease in total FA content relative to FPO, which might be explained by extensive ruminal disappearance of 12:0 (the main FA in HIO). Dietary HIO slightly reduced biohydrogenation completeness (−1.6%; P = 0.014) without favoring alterations that lead to the trans-10 pathway (e.g. without increasing trans-10 18:1/trans-11 18:1 ratio; P = 0.719). Just a few changes in ruminal FA composition appear to be explained by differences in FA intake (e.g. in 12:0 and 16:0; P < 0.001), whereas most variations would probably derive from an indirect effect of HIO promoting minor pathways of biohydrogenation and alternative metabolic processes, as supported by increases (P < 0.05) in the proportion of oxo-18:0 isomers and most BH intermediates with at least one double bond in Δ12 to Δ16 positions, compared with FPO. Changes in odd- and branched-chain FA and in DMA support that HIO affects ruminal FA profile through potential variations in ruminal microbial composition. The relative proportion of individual DMA was also modified, whereas total DMA content was not affected (P = 0.146). Overall, the minor effects of HIO on biohydrogenation, compared with FPO, supports the use of this alternative lipid source in dairy cow feeding.
Ruminal biohydrogenation and microbial lipids in dairy cows supplemented with fractionated palm oil or Hermetia illucens oil
Rastello, Lara;Gasco, Laura;Coppa, Mauro;Lussiana, Carola;Renna, ManuelaLast
2026-01-01
Abstract
In dairy production, Hermetia illucens oil (HIO) could represent a more sustainable energy source than oil palm products, but no in vivo information is available on the effects of this strategy on ruminal biohydrogenation and microbial-derived lipids (odd- and branched-chain fatty acids [FA] and dimethyl acetals [DMA]). To address this knowledge gap, two balanced groups of 13 Valdostana Red Pied cows were fed a 70:30 forage-to-concentrate ratio diet, differing only for its supplemental lipid source: fractionated palm oil (FPO) or HIO (3.4% of concentrate dry matter). At the beginning and after 50 d of treatments, ruminal fluid was collected for a detailed characterization of lipids. Ruminal fluid of HIO cows showed a 25% decrease in total FA content relative to FPO, which might be explained by extensive ruminal disappearance of 12:0 (the main FA in HIO). Dietary HIO slightly reduced biohydrogenation completeness (−1.6%; P = 0.014) without favoring alterations that lead to the trans-10 pathway (e.g. without increasing trans-10 18:1/trans-11 18:1 ratio; P = 0.719). Just a few changes in ruminal FA composition appear to be explained by differences in FA intake (e.g. in 12:0 and 16:0; P < 0.001), whereas most variations would probably derive from an indirect effect of HIO promoting minor pathways of biohydrogenation and alternative metabolic processes, as supported by increases (P < 0.05) in the proportion of oxo-18:0 isomers and most BH intermediates with at least one double bond in Δ12 to Δ16 positions, compared with FPO. Changes in odd- and branched-chain FA and in DMA support that HIO affects ruminal FA profile through potential variations in ruminal microbial composition. The relative proportion of individual DMA was also modified, whereas total DMA content was not affected (P = 0.146). Overall, the minor effects of HIO on biohydrogenation, compared with FPO, supports the use of this alternative lipid source in dairy cow feeding.
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