Does Any AI-based Activity Contribute to Develop AI Conception? A Case Study with Italian Fifth and Sixth Grade Classes

Artificial Intelligence is undoubtedly becoming pervasive in everyday life of everyone. In this setting, developing correct AI conception since childhood is not only a need to be addressed in educational curricula, but is also a children right. Accordingly, several initiatives at national and international levels aim at promoting AI and emerging technology literacy, supported also by a proliferation in the literature of learning courses covering a variety of topics, learning objectives and targeted ages. Schools are therefore pushed to introduce innovative activities for children in their curricula. In this paper, we report the results of a case study where we tested the contribution of an AI block-based course in developing computational thinking, and human and AI minds understanding in fifth and sixth grade children.